Low power wide area (LPWA) networks were defined by the 3GPP in Release 13, with LTE-M and NB-IoT being supported by the GSMA as Mobile IoT options to support connected devices worldwide. Due to these technologies being well-suited to the less-complex devices of IoT, popularity is growing rapidly. This global IoT Deployment Map shows how widespread the use of both LTE-M and NB-IoT are.
As you consider deploying an IoT solution leveraging LPWA connectivity, you might be asking yourself, “What is the difference between LTE-M and NB-IoT?”
LPWA networks are wireless systems designed for IoT applications where cellular networks may not be feasible or cost-effective. They are ideal for connecting low-power devices, such as sensors and smart home gadgets, in areas with poor cellular coverage, like rural or remote locations, or where environmental concerns restrict traditional connectivity. These networks operate on low power, making them suitable for devices relying on batteries, and often use unlicensed frequencies, reducing costs associated with spectrum licensing and infrastructure.
LPWA networks come in various types, including LoRaWAN (unlicensed) and LTE-M/NB-IoT (licensed), each catering to specific needs based on data rate, range, and throughput. For example, LoRaWAN offers longer ranges but lower data rates, while LTE-M supports faster speeds for applications requiring higher throughput. These networks are widely used in industries such as healthcare, agriculture, and energy, offering long-range connectivity, low energy consumption, and the ability to transmit data efficiently across vast or obstructed areas
With both connectivity technologies carrying the characteristics of LPWA, there are only a few key differences, though those differences are impactful.
NB-IoT
This LPWA option is built on the LTE physical layer and was designed for extended coverage. With single tone transmissions, latency can be enhanced in poor coverage areas. Additionally, NB-IoT has a strong penetrative signal that allows for connectivity in hard-to-reach, underground, and rural areas.
NB-IoT also pairs well with devices of lower complexity. This category of devices produces low amounts of data – the type that or send and receive small packets of data. Because of the low data transmission and complexity of the device, NB-IoT has a slightly larger advantage in conserving the lifespan of the device.
LTE-M
This connectivity technology is an IP-based communication protocol. LTE-M was designed for higher bandwidth or mobile and roaming applications than NB-IoT. While wide coverage and low power consumption are attributed to LTE-M, it will use more battery power than NB-IoT due to carrier firmware upgrades, which require more power. LTE-M works well both stationary or moving. Finally, a major distinction in LTE-M is that it supports Voice over LTE (VoLTE), whereas NB-IoT does not.
The major distinctions that it boils down to in the choice between the two technologies are NB-IoT is categorized more for its penetrative signal and LTE-M is a more mobile, voice-enabled connectivity choice.
NB-IoT use cases include:
LTE-M use cases include:
Whether it’s NB-IoT or LTE-M, or if you require a satellite or cellular connectivity, KORE can help you build the end-to-end solution you need to maximize results. Want to learn more about the latest generation of IoT connectivity? Check out our eBook, “Next-Gen IoT: Emerging Connectivity Creates Lasting Viability.”
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